Which theorist proposed that development is a lifelong process?

Erik Erikson is known for his psychosocial development theory, which highlights that human development is a continuous process throughout the entire lifespan. He proposed eight stages of development, each characterized by a specific psychosocial conflict that individuals must navigate. This perspective is significant because it acknowledges that growth and change do not cease in childhood but continue into adulthood and even old age. Each stage builds upon the outcomes of previous stages, emphasizing the lasting influence of early experiences and the importance of resolving conflicts successfully.

In contrast, other theorists, while influential in their own right, focused primarily on earlier stages of development. For example, Sigmund Freud's theory centers on early childhood stages and the formation of personality by the age of five. Jean Piaget’s theory is primarily concerned with cognitive development in children, specifically focusing on how children acquire knowledge through stages until they reach adolescence. Lev Vygotsky's work emphasizes social interaction and cultural context in learning, but he does not provide a comprehensive lifespan theory like Erikson does.

Erikson's view encourages a deeper understanding of human behavior and identity development across various life periods, making it a critical element in fields such as education and childcare.