What principle does the behaviorist theory primarily rely on for child learning?

The behaviorist theory primarily relies on reinforcement and punishment as the key principles for child learning. This approach is grounded in the idea that behaviors can be shaped and modified through the consequences that follow them. Positive reinforcement, such as rewards or praise, encourages the repetition of desired behaviors, while negative reinforcement or punishment serves to decrease undesired behaviors.

This framework emphasizes observable behaviors over internal thoughts or feelings, leading to a structured approach to teaching and learning. For instance, if a child is rewarded for completing tasks or following instructions, they are more likely to continue exhibiting those behaviors in the future. This clear cause-and-effect relationship highlights how environmental stimuli can significantly impact learning and behavior development in children.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the fundamental principles of behaviorism. Collaboration and teamwork focus more on social constructs and interpersonal skills, self-directed exploration points to a more intrinsic approach to learning, and cultural influences emphasize external social contexts rather than direct reinforcement mechanisms.