In which stage of development did Erikson identify the conflict of "autonomy vs. shame and doubt"?

Erik Erikson identified the conflict of "autonomy vs. shame and doubt" during the early childhood stage, which typically spans from around 2 to 3 years of age up to about 4 or 5 years. During this critical stage of development, children are beginning to assert their independence and make choices about their actions. They explore the world around them, learn to walk, talk, and engage in self-care activities, fostering their sense of autonomy.

If children receive encouragement and support from caregivers during this process, they develop a strong sense of autonomy and confidence. However, if they experience excessive criticism or are made to feel that they are incapable of handling tasks on their own, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt regarding their abilities. This conflict is essential for shaping a child's self-esteem and their ability to act independently as they grow.

Understanding this stage is crucial in early childhood education, as it informs how educators can foster environments that promote independence and resilience in young learners.